See chaffare in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chaffaren"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "chaffer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*ċēapfaru"
},
"expansion": "Old English *ċēapfaru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chep",
"3": "fare"
},
"expansion": "chep + fare",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kaupfǫr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kaupfǫr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English *ċēapfaru; equivalent to chep + fare. Compare Old Norse kaupfǫr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caffare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffar",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chafir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chafyr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chefare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheffare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schaffare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chapfare",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "chapvare",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "cheapfare",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheaffeare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheaffere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "chaffare",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 9 3 6 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trading",
"orig": "enm:Trading",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Commercial or mercantile activity; trading."
],
"id": "en-chaffare-enm-noun-Jyi1Nih9",
"links": [
[
"Commercial",
"commercial"
],
[
"mercantile",
"mercantile"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"trading",
"trading"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A transaction or trade; the act of exchanging."
],
"id": "en-chaffare-enm-noun-~v8EBalO",
"links": [
[
"transaction",
"transaction"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
],
[
"exchanging",
"exchanging"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Goods offered for sale; product."
],
"id": "en-chaffare-enm-noun-OyLvYWDC",
"links": [
[
"Goods",
"goods"
],
[
"sale",
"sale"
],
[
"product",
"product"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A desirable quality or attribute in an individual."
],
"id": "en-chaffare-enm-noun-q4L~HAXD",
"links": [
[
"desirable",
"desirable"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"attribute",
"attribute"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) A desirable quality or attribute in an individual."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 19 16 19 25 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 23 26 3 37 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 21 24 3 44 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 8 9 7 71 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Human behaviour",
"orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Business, behaviour."
],
"id": "en-chaffare-enm-noun-Biwl9QRh",
"links": [
[
"Business",
"business"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Business, behaviour."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃafaːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɛfaːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃafər(ə)/",
"tags": [
"reduced"
]
}
],
"word": "chaffare"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "chaffare",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chaffaren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of chaffaren"
],
"id": "en-chaffare-enm-verb-oqIHVjJz",
"links": [
[
"chaffaren",
"chaffaren#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "chaffare"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English compound terms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Human behaviour",
"enm:Trading"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chaffaren"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "chaffer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*ċēapfaru"
},
"expansion": "Old English *ċēapfaru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chep",
"3": "fare"
},
"expansion": "chep + fare",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kaupfǫr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kaupfǫr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English *ċēapfaru; equivalent to chep + fare. Compare Old Norse kaupfǫr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caffare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffar",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chafir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chafyr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chefare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheffare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schaffare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chapfare",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "chapvare",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "cheapfare",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheaffeare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheaffere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "chaffare",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Commercial or mercantile activity; trading."
],
"links": [
[
"Commercial",
"commercial"
],
[
"mercantile",
"mercantile"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"trading",
"trading"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A transaction or trade; the act of exchanging."
],
"links": [
[
"transaction",
"transaction"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
],
[
"exchanging",
"exchanging"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Goods offered for sale; product."
],
"links": [
[
"Goods",
"goods"
],
[
"sale",
"sale"
],
[
"product",
"product"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A desirable quality or attribute in an individual."
],
"links": [
[
"desirable",
"desirable"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"attribute",
"attribute"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) A desirable quality or attribute in an individual."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Business, behaviour."
],
"links": [
[
"Business",
"business"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Business, behaviour."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃafaːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɛfaːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃafər(ə)/",
"tags": [
"reduced"
]
}
],
"word": "chaffare"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Human behaviour",
"enm:Trading"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "chaffare",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chaffaren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of chaffaren"
],
"links": [
[
"chaffaren",
"chaffaren#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "chaffare"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chaffare meaning in Middle English (3.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.